Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

基于桥连接的词典学习方法的语义解析

现阶段的语义解析方法大部分都基于组合语义,这类方法的核心就是词典。词典是词汇的集合,词汇定义了自然语言句子中词语到知识库本体中谓词的映射。语义解析一直面临着词典中词汇覆盖度不够的问题。针对此问题,该文在现有工作的基础上,提出了基于桥连接的词典学习方法,该方法能够在训练中自动引入新的词汇并加以学习,为了进一步提高新学习到的词汇的准确度,该文设计了新的词语—二元谓词的特征模板,并使用基于投票机制的核心词典获取方法。该文在两个公开数据集(WebQuestions和Free917)上进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,该文方法能够学习到新的词汇,提高词汇的覆盖度,进而提升语义解析系统的性能,特别是召回率。     

Graph-based video fingerprinting using double optimal projection

A double optimal projection method that involves projections for intra-cluster and inter-cluster dimensionality reduction are proposed for video fingerprinting. The video is initially set as a graph with frames as its vertices in a high-dimensional space. A similarity measure that can compute the weights of the edges is then proposed. Subsequently, the video frames are partitioned into different clusters based on the graph model. Double optimal projection is used to explore the optimal mapping points in a low-dimensional space to reduce the video dimensions. The statistics and geometrical fingerprints are generated to determine whether a query video is copied from one of the videos in the database. During matching, the video can be roughly matched by utilizing the statistics fingerprint. Further matching is thereafter performed in the corresponding group using geometrical fingerprints. Experimental results show the good performance of the proposed video fingerprinting method in robustness and discrimination.     

Advances in cryptography and information security—introduction of 2002–2006 progress of SKLOIS

This paper introduces the research progress of the State Key Laboratory of Information Security (SKLOIS) in China during 2002–2006. This introduction covers four selected areas with each covering some selected research findings. The four selected areas are: the fundamentals of cryptography; the design, analysis and testing of block cipher algorithms; the design and analysis of security protocols based on computational intractability; authentication, authorization and their applications.     

Machine-learning paradigms for selecting ecologically significant input variables

Harmful algal blooms, which are considered a serious environmental problem nowadays, occur in coastal waters in many parts of the world. They cause acute ecological damage and ensuing economic losses, due to fish kills and shellfish poisoning as well as public health threats posed by toxic blooms. Recently, data-driven models including machine-learning (ML) techniques have been employed to mimic dynamics of algal blooms. One of the most important steps in the application of a ML technique is the selection of significant model input variables. In the present paper, we use two extensively used ML techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) for selecting the significant input variables. The efficacy of these techniques is first demonstrated on a test problem with known dependence and then they are applied to a real-world case study of water quality data from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. These ML techniques overcome some of the limitations of the currently used techniques for input variable selection, a review of which is also presented. The interpretation of the weights of the trained ANN and the GP evolved equations demonstrate their ability to identify the ecologically significant variables precisely. The significant variables suggested by the ML techniques also indicate chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) itself to be the most significant input in predicting the algal blooms, suggesting an auto-regressive nature or persistence in the algal bloom dynamics, which may be related to the long flushing time in the semi-enclosed coastal waters. The study also confirms the previous understanding that the algal blooms in coastal waters of Hong Kong often occur with a life cycle of the order of 1–2 weeks.     

Network and device-level impacts: performance and reliability of active I/O storage systems

Distributed active storage architectures are designed to offload user-level processing to the peripheral from the host servers. In this paper, we report preliminary investigation on performance and fault recovery designs, as impacted by emerging storage interconnect protocols and state-of-the-art storage devices. Empirical results obtained using validated device-level and interconnect data demonstrate the significance of the said parameters on the overall system performance and reliability.     

A polynomial dynamic system approach to software design for attractivity requirement

Because of the widespread increasing application of Web services and autonomic computing, self-adaptive software is an area gaining increasing importance. Control theory provides a theoretical foundation for self-adaptive software. In this paper, we propose the use of the supervisory control theory of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS) to provide a rigorous foundation for designing software for reactive systems. This paper focuses in particular on design of software with an attractivity requirement. It studies this problem using the polynomial dynamic system (PDS) model of DEDS. A necessary and sufficient condition for software existence and two algorithms for such software design are presented.     

ROSA:资源敏感的高性能Web容器体系结构

现有的Web容器多采用线程池体系结构,而Web容器所支撑的动态Web组件在执行过程中可能需要获取多种共享资源,由共享资源并发量限制导致的线程阻塞可能会严重影响性能。提出了一种资源敏感的Web容器体系结构ROSA(resource-oriented staged architecture)。当某些共享资源达到饱和时,若Web容器接到对需要这些资源的Web组件的请求,ROSA会暂缓为这些请求提供服务以减少线程阻塞。基于排队Petri网,建立了ROSA结构和线程池结构的性能模型,通过模型仿真和负载实验验证了ROSA体系结构的性能优势。     

iViewer:利用数据服务即时生成跨域数据视图

越来越多的企业和组织选择通过广域、开放的互联网作为其协作平台,业务决策者往往需要即时汇聚并综合分析来自多个部门的资源信息以进行临机决策。如何即时构建满足用户需求的跨组织数据视图,动态维护视图和数据源之间的一致性是需要求解的一个关键问题。提出了一种互联网环境下跨组织业务数据视图的动态生成方法iViewer,利用数据服务来封装自治、异构和动态变化的数据源;通过可视化和易用的数据服务组合操作来动态构建数据视图;提出了一种基于轮询的视图动态更新算法,维护数据源和数据视图的一致性,从而使得数据视图能够随数据源的变化而自主变化;详述了iViewer方法的原理和过程,并通过一个火灾应急处置场景中,面向指挥中心的跨部门火灾救援设备数据视图的动态生成过程例证了iViewer方法的效果。     

Perspective:Societally connected multimedia across cultures

The advance of the Internet in the past decade has radically changed the way people communicate and col- laborate with each other. Physical distance is no more a barrier in online social networks, but cultural differences (at the individual, community, as well as societal levels) still govern human-human interactions and must be con- sidered and leveraged in the online world. The rapid de-ployment of high-speed Internet allows humans to interact using a rich set of multimedia data such as texts, pictures, and videos. This position paper proposes to define a new research area called ’connected multimedia’, which is the study of a collection of research issues of the super-area social media that receive little attention in the literature. By connected multimedia, we mean the study of the social and technical interactions among users, multimedia data, and devices across cultures and explicitly exploiting the cultural differences. We justify why it is necessary to bring attention to this new research area and what benefits of this new research area may bring to the broader scientific research community and the humanity.